Checkers

 Checkers is type of Toys and Games . It has a long history . Another name of checkers such as draughts ,English draughts , American checkers , straight checkers , or checkers.Checkers is board game.
  Alquerque is the old name of checkers. French played Alquerque on chess board in 12 th century . Later , Alquerque has a new rule that made the game interesting and popular.
  Checkers is played with two player . An 8 x 8 chess board was played in game . Each player has 12 pieces on own side . Player can moved forward or move over the opposite side's piece. How to win the game ,Player must capture all of opposite player's pieces .
  In other country ,There are various board sizes such as  10 x 10 board size in International draughts ,  12 x 12 board size in Canadian checkers , etc
  There is the international sport body uniting national draughts federations ,called World Draughts Federation or FMJD. It's members are in Asia ( 7 federations ) , Africa (13 federations ) , America ( 15 federations or associations ) , Asia ( 7 federations )  , Europe ( 24  federations or organizations ), Oceania ( 1 federation ) .
   Main target of FMJD is for controlling and regulation the competition . FMJD was established in 1947 by four countries such as France , Belgium , Switzerland , the Netherlands .Later ,There were championships of woman in 1973 , girls in 1989 ,cadets in 1988 , juniors in 1971 .
   There are programs ,freeware ,for playing checkers such as Dam2.2 , Dragon , Buggy,etc.
   Other program online such as http://www.vogclub.com/
    

   Reference
   1.http://www.fmjd.org/
   2.http://www.wmsg-draughts.org/
   3.http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Draughts

Chess

chess

     Chess is one type of Toys & Games . It was played for a long time  in old India . It's old name is chatrang or shatranj . Later chess was spread to Western Europe , Russia ,France ,finally all Europe. In extension time period of chess , Chess has improved it's rule , status and power of pieces, etc. Many chess clubs were established all over Europe . And there were chess contests in each country in Europe. The first chess tournament was held in 1851,in London . The World Chess Federation  , FIDE ,was established in 1924 in Paris . Chess was so popular in Paris at those time . The title of World Chess Championship originate in 1886. Wilhelm Steinitz  was the first world chess championship .
     FIDE  is international chess organization . It's target  is developing chess and giving knowledge in every country all the world . There are six presidents from beginning to now. At present Kirsan Ilyumzhinov is FIDE president .
     There are four title and ranking .  such as Grandmaster (  having  the most score in contest ) , International master ( > 2,400 score ) , FIDE master ( > 2,300 score ), Candidate master ( > 2,200 score ).
     We categorize type of chess by use control time as detail
        - Bullet chess . 1-2 minutes per side.
        - Blitz chess ,  3-5 minutes per side .
        - Quick chess ,Rapid chess .  15-60  minutes in each game.
     Chess help player improve intelligent skill , mental skill , and social skill. In game, player must be patient, self-control, observing , risk assessment of moving , etc . All activities help player improve mental skills . Player must plan moving in each chess pieces , assess loss or gain in each moving , use more concentration and perception . these activities help player improve intelligent skills.
      Deep Blue was first chess-playing computer in the world .it's calculating ability was more effective . IBM developed Deep Blue to compete with world champion . Deep blue win world champion , Garry Kasparov, in 1977. 




  Reference
  1.http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chess
  2.http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FIDE
    

Legos Sets

  Legos company was built about in 1934 by carpenter Oie Kirk Christiansen,In Denmark.Original product was wooden material . Later He has expanded his business over the world, England , Germany , U.S ,etc. And improving and developing product method by using technology tools.Lego company change to use plastic for lego porduct. Millions of lego piece was sold over the world
   Lego company have built first amusement-themed park Legoland in Billund, Denmark . Later , Lego company built  3 Legoland in other country  as detailed
                 - Legoland in windsor, England
                 - Legoland in California , U.S.A
                 - Legoland in Germany
   Each year millions of adults with their child visited in 4 Legoland . There are variety of theme in each Legoland , such as  a pirate theme, a castle theme , Miniland , Land of Adventure, etc. Each theme have impressed to visitors. Some Legoland have  a hotel for visitor .There are stores and shopping shop for visitor to buy lego product or sourvenior.
   Lego product have a lot of product theme , such as pirate lego, space lego, town lego, star war lego, Harry porter lego, adventrees lego , lego toy story , lego atlantic , Batman lego ,etc
 
   Reference
1.http://www.legoland.com/
2.http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lego
3.http://valuedone.wordpress.com/
www.valuedone.wordpress.com
 

Puzzle

           puzzles
     
            One type of Toys and Games is puzzle such as jigsaw , rubik's cube , crossword , sudoku , etc , All of these toys & games help human improve their mental skill , intelligent skill,etc. They are  useful to players although player must use time for play.
            Responsibilities of players are problem solving of puzzle.Player need to use their skill . Some puzzles are easy and some are difficult. In solving process player use mathematics and geometry ,too. Today newspapers like to add content and income by printing puzzle competitions.
            John Spilsbury , British engraver and mapmaker, invented the first jigsaw puzzle in 1760 . First jigsaw was made of wood . Later it was popular and spread all around world. There are many famous  puzzle authors such as Henry Dudeney , Boris Kordemsky ,etc.
            Rubik's cube  is one type of puzzle in toys & games . The first Rubik's cube was made in 1975. Like jigsaw puzzle , It was popular . 350 cubes have been sold  early 2009.
            We can categorize as below
            - tour puzzles
            - construction puzzles
            - folding puzzles
            - mechanic puzzles
            - meta- puzzles
            - etc
         Because of popularity of puzzle , there are organization about puzzle such as World Puzzle Championship , International Puzzle Party , National Puzzlers' League .
         World Puzzle Championship was established in 1992 for first time. World Puzzle Championship is annual international puzzle contest . List of puzzles are sudoku, number link , hitori , filiomino , nonogram ,etc. From beginning to 2009 there are 18 world puzzle championships .
         National Puzzlers' League is the oldest puzzle organization . It was established in 1883. NPL is a nonprofit organization . At Beginning there are only two puzzles , word play and word games .
         There is the National Puzzle Day in U.S. , too . It is 29th January in each year .In this day puzzle addict will celebrate in many method  such as solve extra puzzle , invite friends to play puzzle , help kid or beginner solve easy puzzles, play a scrabble , built a jigsaw puzzle,  etc.
        
         
        


    Reference
   1.http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rubik%27s_Cube.
   2.http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puzzle
   3.http://www.puzzles.com/PuzzleClub/CoolNews/NationalPuzzleDay2009.htm          
   4.http://www.ehow.com/how_2020201_national-puzzle-day.html
          

Kids' Furniture

   Kids' Furniture & Room Decor.

Kids' furniture is  small furniture or room decor that is built for child . There are many kids' furniture and room decor For example

• chairs & sofas
• tunnel & tents
• desks
• stools
• room decor
• table
• bedroom furniture
• outdoor furniture
• etc.

    There are many color and types of material for selecting .
     Parents would like their children to have good stage of development. Making good surroundings is one of methods of children development. Decorating  their bedrooms which are own personal area is good method to make good surroundings.From ground to ceiling in bedroom are filled with color and texture. These are advice for decorating your child's bedroom.

1. Children love their room to be bright so parents should add more lights in child bedroom.
   
2. Select to buy trundle bed or contemporary bed for your teens . Decorating teens room make teens feel private and safe.
3. Parents adopt area or appliance for store in baby's bedroom. Don't buy new appliance for keeping child's thing.
4. Child's bedroom should be neat , clean ,tidy, warm and make child feel naturally curious.
5. Decorating wall and ceiling in child's bedroom stimulate their natural imagination and observation .
6. Place appropriate toy in child's bedroom. Toys are suitable for good stage of development.
7. Place making-noise toy in child's room
8. Size of kid's furniture is suitable for child's body and age-range. Table and chair should be fit  child's body, etc.
9. Parents can decorate girl room by use  starlight theme, ocean theme, moonlight theme,sugar and spice theme,etc.
10. For boy room ,parents may use favorite animal theme, safari theme , playhouse theme, rain forest theme, etc.
    

    
    Reference
    1. http://interiordec.about.com/od/kidsroomdecor/a/a_kidsroomindex.htm
    2. http://www.healthwithoutprescription.com/home-improvement/kid%E2%80%99s-furniture-buying-guide/

Hobbies

Hobbies

Could you remember model of car, train , helicopter , etc, you played in child time. Yes , They are in these group. Small but realistic ,neat, beautiful and impressive.Finally we would like to own them. They are suitable all age range such as kid, teen or young heart adult. Adults who remembered playing of small model in child time have usually collected these model . Hobbies are one type of Toys & Games . There are many hobbies for players.
       Activities are acting for entertainment ,in spare time , called them hobbies. The difference between hobby and work , Work give money but hobby doesn't give money , Hobby gives a pleasure to players.
       There are many types of hobbies in Toys & Games . We can categorize as below.
       1. Reading . Reading gives many benefits to human . It gives reader knowledge , entertainment , etc . Readers are not alone while they are reading . They can read in everywhere such as at the bus stop , in the car , etc
       2. Cooking. When they are cooking , they concentrate in their activities and forget their busy work so they will relax . By-product  is excellent cooking skill.
       3.Gardening . For example indoor gardening , water gardening . Hobbyist can plant at the balcony, roof, grasshouse , windowbox, patio,etc.
       4.Creative Hobbies , For example  filmmaking , photography , woodworkng , playing musical instrument , drawing , painting , software project , papercraft
       5.Outdoor recreation , For example climbing, backpacking , snowsport , watersport ,etc.  This hobby is suitable hobbyist who is healthy, highly self controlling , healthy ,like exercise , etc. This hobby will give strength and tough to player.
       6.Collecting . There are many types of collecting . Characteristics of hobbyist in this type should be calm , disciplinary , patient , and may be passive . List of collecting such as
         - aircraft spotting , bus spotting ,train spotting ,etc
         - collection of book such as  a copy of every famous book , Harry Porter collection ,etc
         - coins
         - autographs . A document or book was written in handwriting of author.
         - postage stamp. For famous stamp such as Penny Black , Inverted Jenny , etc
       7.Performing arts . Hobby is related to action of hobbyist  such as acting , dancing ,magic , singing ,etc
       8. Collection of action figures. 
       9 etc,
         There are many hobbies that aren't described in above.
         Your hobby or your kid hobby should be suitable for  age range , gender , spare time ,interest , income , health ,etc

        

  Reference
  1.http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hobby



       
     

Games

 Games

   Games are one type of Toys & Games . Player can play alone or play with friend . I can remember that I played card game with my friend  at his house . Card game help me learn more lesson and adoptable for a way of life . Other games such as chess, checker , orthello , Monopoly card game, Dart board . All game help children improve many skills.There are many definition of games such as
         Chris Crawford , computer game designer , say that
           - Creative expression is entertainment if it's target is money , and it is art if it's target is it's own beauty .
           - Type of entertainment is a plaything if it is interactive , and it is movie or book if it is non-interactive.
           - Type of plaything is toy if it has no goal , and it is challenge if it has goal
           - Type of challenge is puzzle if it has no competitor , and it is conflict if it has competitor.
           - Type of conflict is competition if it has attack, and it is game if it has attack .
         Mixtures of games are rules, goals ,challenge and interaction .
         Elements of game are tools , rules , skill & strategy & chance.
           1. Tools . Ball is tool in ball game such as football ,tennis, basketball ,etc . A piece of card is tool in card game.
           2. Rules. Rule decide target of game, player's responsibilities and rights
           3. Skill, chance,and strategy.
                - Game of physical skill such as target shooting, boxing, wrestling, Judo , karate, Muaythai,etc
                - Game of mental skill such as chess ,checker,etc.
                - Game of strategy such as go , chess , checker,etc.
                - Game of change such as roulette, blackjack,etc.
                - Game of physical skill and strategy skill such as American football , baseball,etc.
                - Game of chance and strategy such as poker , monopoly , etc.
                - Game of Trick taking games such as mental skill , strategy skill and chance
            There are many types of games . For example Sport, board games, card games,domino and tile game , video games , online games , role-playing games , dice game, etc



   Reference
   1.http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Game